Fuel Filtration


FuelFiltrationDiagrambig

Questions

+ What fuel filters to use? What micron thickness? Installation location?
-> Up until this time (4/2), I had thought that I would use a 10 micron followed by a 2 micron then the fuel filter on the engine. However, Matt Hickey was telling me how it’s good to be able to 2 filters so you can service one fuel filter while the engine is still running. He seemed to think that 2 filters wasn’t so necessary and I seem to be reading this in other locations as well. I will have to give some more thought to my exact fuel filter arrangement.

-> On 4/3 I spoke to Eric about this and he said that my idea to have a 10 micron and a 2 micron after that w/ a vacuum gauge after the 2 micron would be good, though he might allow some way to bypass one filter to allow servicing a pump while the engine was going. I gave it some more thought today and think that in most all occasions a landlubber like me can think of, just turning off the engine to repair the filter would be more than enough. Obviously, in an emergency situation a filter gets clogged and you need the engine is when this would be a down side. However, I feel like there are a lot of other things I could do to get myself out of this…such as raise sails, work quickly to change filters (though maybe this takes some time). Basically, I think this is one of those things where I’ll just do it the simple way (one straight line, no valves, 2 filters & a vacuum gauge) and then if I want to add a different set-up later, that’s definitely doable.

-> I saw a picture of a guy who does fuel-polishing and all these other niceties (so you know he’s done the research) and he has an initial 10 Micron (500 FG Filter) and then a 2 Micron (500 FG Filter). The flow comes first through the 10 micron, then through the 2 micron and finally to the engine’s fuel filter. His set-up also showed a T valve from the fuel supply line that could split off to a secondary fuel filter. While that would be nice, I suppose, if you were going to need to service the engine while it was running (not sure why else…), but I don’t think I have the room for that step. Here’s the image he posted:

-> On 10/11, I came back to this question after trying to understand which filter set-up would be best. I think previously, I had thought that it was a good idea to have a 10 micron, then 2 micron, then engine fuel filter installed. What I now realize is that while this would be ideal, it’s not necessarily the norm. From the Plastic Classic Forum, there’s a great response from Tim which reads:

A 2 micron element would be too fine for a primary filter. You will use these cartridges more rapidly, since they are catching everything–coarse and fine–in your fuel supply. These cartridges are not inexpensive, and while good filtration is worth any price, it makes more sense to arrange your system so that you catch first the coarser particles, and then use a second filter to do the final filtration of anything that remains….I think an ideal fuel setup would be to have fuel first enter a “day tank” through a 25 micron (coarse) filter. From there, the fuel, already partly strained, would pass through a 10 micron (medium) primary filter, and then onto the engine-mounted 2 micron (fine) secondary filter. Obviously this is more complex and not practical for a small boat, but I think this would be an excellent way to handle fuel if space, inclination, and budget allowed.  ( source )

Another poster confirmed their set-up of having a 10, then a 2 micron, engine mounted filter wrote:
I have a racor as my ‘primary’ (initial filter) with a 2 micron filter, my secondary, mounted on engine is also a 2 micron. This is what a Volvo mechanic had recommended to me last year when I installed the Racor”  ( source )

One person (whose image I’ve previously mentioned above ), actually suggested adding a secondary 2 micron filter. He wrote:

We run a 10 micron filter as our primary, a 2 micron as the secondary, and the engine-mounted Fram CP1911L(?), which I believe is a 30 micron, as our tertiary filter. Our thinking was to progressively filter the fuel and provide a quick, efficient way to inspect and replace filters before we had problems. After years of using the system, it is only the 10 micron primary that really needs changing. I have changed the 2 micron as cheap insurance, but it has not been dirty (at least visibly). The engine-mounted filter isn’t doing much work, and that was the idea since changing it is more complicated than changing the Racor 500FGs and involves bleeding the engine.

So, it seems there are certainly some very top notch installations of fuel filters, plus more standard set-ups. Since I really want to go top notch for everything (especially engine filtration), here’s what I plan to use: 500MA w/ 10 micron Filter >> Spin on Fuel Filter Vacuum Gauge >> 500 MA w/ 2 Micron Filter (both filters w/ heat reflectors). With this set-up, I have 2 filters prior to the engine filter, meaning the engine filter isn’t really doing any filtration at all. I have the vacuum gauge placed just after the main 10 micron filter (which is the filter which will require more changing) and the 2 micron filter can be changed at some kind of timed increments. There’s one issue to consider – the fact that I won’t have any way to quickly divert to a separate filter if one filter has issues. I’ve given this some thought and have considered that I will find a solution to this issue in a pinch (as mentioned above – raise the sails). Since I do have 2 filters, I could also bypass one filter by adding a longer hose in the system, though this might be tough in a pinch.

 

+ How/where do I install the differential/vacuum gauges?
-> Gauges show when there is a fuel supply problem. They show any problems with the fuel supply and whether your filters are plugged or not. Filters should be changed at about 75% of maximum vaccum/pressure on the gauge when tested at wide open throttle (WOT). The question is, where/how do I install them…I think you can install them in the engine room, somewhere in the fuel line, but I also think you can install them outside of the engine room so you can get an idea for the pressure quickly and easily. I like this idea, though I think that might require a remote sensor…or a long sender wire?

-> I did some more research on this (2/14) and found a good forum post that discussed all things fuel system related. Here’s some information regarding vacuum gauges ( source ):

I also read a Practical Sailor article (finickyfilter.pdf) and they wrote “a vacuum gauge in the fuel line. This gauge can tell you when your filters are dirty by showing how hard your lift pump is working to force the diesel fuel through the filter system. As the filter gets clogged, the pump has to work harder, increasing the vacuum in the line, which is shown on the gauge. Racor makes a gauge that is calibrated to the breaking strength of the paper element in the filter.

Here’s some further information ( source ):

By installing a vacuum gauge in your fuel system (at the outlet side of the Racor filter) visual monitoring of element condition is possible at a glance. At the first indication of decreased performance, note the dial reading or apply the ‘red line’ decal provided with most kits. This will assist in knowing when to change the filter at the next interval.

So at this point, I’ve reviewed a number of installations and notice that most of them have the pressure gauge installed between the two pumps. In fact, Calder wrote that “A vacuum gauge mounted between the primary filters and the lift pump is an excellent troubleshooting investment. A rising vacuum indicates that the filers are starting to plug” (Boat Owners Mechanical and Electrical Manual, p. 223). So at least I have some confirmation to it’s placement, however I still have a couple considerations:

-> I wrote Ben Thomas from Beta Marine about this he basically suggested just one fuel filter just after the primary fuel filter w/ a short as hose as possible. He wrote:

One gauge will do the job, install it just upstream from the fuel inlet on the engine. You want to monitor the primary filter more than the secondary filter on the engine lock. Too many fittings/connections on fuel line means more potential trouble spots. The longer the hose to the vacuum gauge the more air you need to bleed out of it be sure you can fill that hose with fuel then attach gauge, think of it as holding your thumb on straw then pulling the straw out of liquid (a vacuum). Save your money on the second gauge and use it for other budget items.

 

+  Can I place plastic fuel filters in the engine room?
-> I hadn’t really thought of it before 2/14, but this website says “filter with a plastic bowl and no heat shield is illegally fitted in the engine compartments”. Does this mean I need a heat shield or since this is the first time I’ve heard about it I shouldn’t worry?

So I read a little more, and from one forum. A user said “the surveyor says we need to move the Racor out of the engine compartment according to new USCG rules (or maybe just recommendations?).” to which another mentioned “You can install the Racors in the engine compartment as long as they are the metal bowl. I am in the process of installing a dual filer setup.”. Later, someone also mentioned “I have seen comments that the Racor 500FG is not approved for engine compartments but the 500MA is – with the only difference being a metal “heat shield” on the bottom – seems like this would make little difference if there is an “engine room” fire. I understand that there is a retrofit kit to add a heat shield to the 500fg if needed.”

The answer to this is basically that I should get the filters with the metal bowl (Racor 500MA) so they are more fit for the engine room temperatures. I don’t think my engine room will be that hot, but it’s still probably a good idea (especially since the filters will be installed high in the engine compartment).

 

+ Do I need a particle/water separator? How/where do I install a water separator?
-> Yes, I need a particle/water separator. At this time (2/14), I haven’t done much research on water separators. Here’s some quick information I found ( source ):

I did some further researh and realized that the Racor filters I plan to use filter out water. So the answer is yes I will have a water separator and it will be built directly into the filters I plan to buy. In fact, I believe a water-level sensor is visible halfway up the clear bowl of the Racor filter.

-> I also wanted to note that the Racor filters I’m looking at buying do have a water sensor indicator allowed to be added, but at this time (2/14) I don’t think I will add one.

 

+ Where do I need to place the raw water strainer?
-> The strainer should be placed just above the the waterline and have a see through thing…

-> This is still something I’m trying to understand (1/28)

-> I was doing some reading online, and found that some people place them above the waterline, some below, or some right at. If it’s below the waterline, a nice bronze strainer should definitely be used. One boat had a plastic vetus installed high above the waterline in the lazarette. You could clean it easily while sailing. If you want to clean a strainer and it is below the waterline, you need to shut off the raw-water intake. Regardless, the engine has to be shut off to clean it. So…I think it depends on the space in the engine room really.

From looking at that space now, the engine will take up a fair amount of the below waterline space, and so really, the only place that is available is just above the waterline at minimum and maybe maximum of 5″ above water-line.

 

+ What size are the hoses for raw-water?
-> The inlet sea cock should be 1” BSP to which a 7/8”/ 22 mm hose connector can be fitted. The sea waterpump is 22 mm OD to suit the 22 mm ID hose.

 

+  Will I use fuel polishing?
->  As of 12/2011, I will not install a fuel polishing system.  Instead, I will be sure to filter my fuel properly through the fueling process (fill through use) and be very finicky about the quality of the fuel.   If at a later date I decide it’s necessary, then I can consider adding it (though that may be very difficult

 

+ Will I use deck-fill fuel filter?
-> Yes, however they slow fueling, and are bulky and smelly to store. After filling, remove the screens and wipe leftover fuel out of screens and inside of cylinder. When fueling, use a fuel filter such as Mr. Funnel (recommended; cheap; get Heavy Duty Inspection Filter model) or “Baja filter” (expensive). $29 West Marine WM-F8C rated better than Baja Filter ($130) by Practical Sailor ( source ). Here’s a full write-up on these types of filters: http://www.practical-sailor.com/sample/Fuelfilter.html

 

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